![]() Preschoolers are increasingly focused on doing things themselves and establishing their own goals. If caregivers foster excessive dependence, the child may learn to doubt their own abilities. Shame: Children whose caregivers discourage them may develop feelings of shame.When caregivers encourage independence, children will feel secure enough to take risks. Autonomy: In this stage, caregivers often serve as a safe base from which to explore the world.They also develop basic skills such as toilet training. They learn more about their environment and their place within it. Shame and Self-Doubtĭuring this phase, young childrenbegin exploring the world around them. They may learn they cannot rely on others and thus feel unsafe. Mistrust: If caregivers neglect an infants’ needs, or if care is sporadic, an infant may grow insecure.As caregivers fill an infant’s needs, the baby can develop a sense of trust and security. Trust: When caregivers respond promptly to an infant’s cries, the baby can learn to rely on others. ![]() Infants learn to trust others based upon how well caregivers meet their needs. Infants depend on caregivers, usually parents, for basic needs such as food. ![]()
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